机械制造业英文论文

⑴ 谁有机械论文（英文版）

The multi-motor drive
Description:
The present invention concerns a drive for an escalator, which drives the stair belt and is arranged on one or both sides of the escalator at the upper and/or the lower end thereof, wherein the drive comprises a main drive wheel and at least one motor with gear and brake components.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Different dispositions and constructional principles are known for escalator drives. Since the drive must be designed for the maximally occurring load, a relatively large and strongly dimensioned motor with a corresponding gear is necessary. Poor efficiency at the mostly prevailing partial load and the large installation volume in the case of limited space availability within an escalator construction are disadvantages of such a drive.

These disadvantages are present to a lesser degree or not at all with multi-motor drives. Such a drive for escalators and walkways, which comprises two indivial drives or two twin drives, the output gearwheels of which drive the stair chain or the plate chain and, by way of an additional gear, the handrail, is known from DE 35 26 905.

Such a construction is executed in different variants and correspondingly comprises a number of different gears and gear housings for the stair chain drive or the plate chain drive. Furthermore, the indivial drives are equipped with planetary gears, which causes relatively high costs.

The object of the present invention is to create an improved multi-motor drive for escalators, which can be implemented at favorable costs, which may be built up in a molar manner, and which covers a usual performance range.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The drive according to the present invention distinguishes itself by several constructionally identical drive units being mountable distributed at the circumference of a main drive wheel, whereby the main drive wheel or its toothing need be dimensioned only for loading by a single drive unit. The main drive wheel itself thus can have a smaller width, which is of great advantage for the accommodation of the drive parts in the case of an escalator.

The drive units, in a number corresponding with power requirements, may be flange-mounted to a main gear housing identical for all performance classes. This simplifies the proction process for the entire constructional series, reces the inventory and facilitates maintenance and repairs.

The drive units are provided with torque transmitters and/or rotational speed transmitters for recognition of their mechanical loading.

Each of the drive units can furthermore be provided with a clutch which makes a selectable switching-in or switching-out of a drive unit possible.

The drive further comprises a frequency-setting device which is common to all drive units and by means of which different speeds can be set and which also serves as a starting aid. A control and regulating unit proces corresponding control and regulating commands by the processing of incoming data. The control and regulating unit causes the switching-in and switching-out of indivial drive units on the basis of actual load data from the torque transmitters, which helps to improve the electrical and mechanical efficiency and thus also reces the energy consumption.

The use of polyphase alternating current squirrel-cage motors of variable frequency and their associated control has the advantage that high torques can be proced at low rotational speeds.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention is explained more closely in the following with the aid of an illustrative example of an embodiment thereof and is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 shows an escalator with a drive according to the invention at the upper end of the escalator;

FIG. 2 shows the drive with drive units flange-mounted on a main gear transversely to the direction of travel of the escalator;

FIG. 3 shows the drive with drive units flange-mounted on a main gear longitudinally of the direction of travel of the escalator;

FIG. 4 shows a three-dimensional illustration of the drive arrangement according to FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 shows a three-dimensional illustration of the drive arrangement according to FIG. 3; and

FIG. 6 shows a block schematic diagram and functional diagram of the drive with all associated components.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

FIG. 1 shows an escalator 1 with an upper end 2, below which drive units denoted by 7 and a part of a stair chain 3 are visible.

FIG. 2 shows the details of a drive, which is installed within a carrying structure 9 at the upper end 2 of the escalator 1. Three identically constructed drive units 7 drive a toothed main drive wheel 6 by way of an output gearwheel 7.6 and an intermediate gearwheel 21, and are arranged and distributed about the circumference of the main drive wheel 6. The main drive wheel 6, together with a stair chain wheel 5, are fastened on the main shaft 4 of the drive. The drive units 7 are firmly connected to a main gear housing 8 at three planar flange-connecting openings 24 formed for this purpose. When less than three drive units 7 are needed, the unused flange-connecting opening 24 may be closed by a cover and the associated intermediate gearwheel 21 is not inserted. With this construction, the same main gear housing 8 can always be used for one, two or three needed drive units 7. The axles of the drive units 7 are arranged transversely to the direction of movement of the escalator 1, which yields the advantage of a short machine room.

As example of a variant, FIG. 3 shows an arrangement of the drive units 7 parallel to the direction of movement of the escalator 1. In this manner of arrangement, the drive units 7 additionally comprise a bevel gear 7.3. Motor 7.1, clutch 7.2, brake 7.4, flywheel 7.5 and the output gearwheel 7.6, which are otherwise constructionally identical with and incorporated in the drive units 7 of FIG. 2, are present for each drive unit 7. The main gear housing 8 is likewise always the same for one, two or three drive units 7 and unused flange-connecting openings 24 can likewise be covered by a cover.

FIG. 4 is a spatial illustration of the drive according to FIG. 2 within the carrying structure 9 of the escalator 1. Two stair elements 22 are illustrated in addition to the elements shown in the preceding illustrations.

FIG. 5 is a similar spatial illustration of the drive according to FIG. 3 within the carrying structure 9 of escalator 1. The two stair elements 22 are likewise additionally shown.

The function and operation of the multi-motor drive according to the invention is to be explained more closely in the following by reference to FIG. 6. The current supply of the drive takes place as usual from local three-phase current mains 13 with phases R, S and T which are led to a main switch 14. Following thereon, the entire drive is connected through a main relay or several relays 15. There then follows a frequency-setting device 16, which by way of a relay control 23 with the relays S1, S2 to Sn feeds the motors 7.1 (M1, M2 to Mn) of the drive moles 7 at a variable frequency current and direction of rotation as provided by the frequency-setting device 16. The motors M1, M2 to Mn are, as already shown and described in the preceding, operatively connected with the main drive wheel 6 by way of gears 7.3 and output gearwheels 7.6 and intermediate gearwheels 21, which are not further illustrated here. Torque transmitters 20 (L1, L2 to Ln) for the purpose of the measurement of the actual mechanical loading of the motors M1, M2 to Mn are installed at a suitable place in the transmission between the motors M1, M2 to Mn as known in the art. The main gear wheel 6 drives a speed transmitter 19 by way of an appropriate known transmission, which similarly is not more closely illustrated.

A control and regulating unit 10 contains microprocessor and relay control components, as well as signal and data inputs and outputs. First input data line 18.1 supplies speed values from the speed transmitter 19, which are fed as actual values to an internal regulating section. The second group of input data lines 18.2 provide measurement values from the torque transmitters 20 and, through appropriate processing, cause the switching-in and switching-out of indivial drive moles 7. A third group of input data lines 18.3 supplies data from transmitters 11, which essentially concern control safety contacts and mode of operation switches. A first group of output data lines 17.1 leads to the relays 15 and to the frequency-setting device 16. A second group of output data lines 17.2 contain control signals for the relay control 23, and the third group of output data lines 17.3 provides the data to control optical signals and illumination 12.

The multi-motor drive according to the invention functions as following:

During starting-up of the escalator 1, the relay 15 for the drive is switched on, the frequency-setting device 16 is run up and at least one drive mole 7 is switched on by way of the relay control 23 by the control and regulating unit 10 according to the choice of direction and a start-up program. On reaching the target speed, the drive regulation in the control and regulating unit 10 holds the speed of travel of the escalator 1 constant within close limits independently of the load. During the now following operation of the escalator 1, the input data lines 18.2 from the torque transmitters 20 supply information about the mechanical loading of the switched-in drive moles 7 (motors M1, M2 to Mn).

In the case of low or no loading by transported persons, the drive power of the first motor M1 may suffice, and the further motors M2 to Mn remain switched off. If a full loading with a tendency to lasting overload is signalled by the torque transmitter L1, the next motor M2 is switched on after a defined time. The signals from the two torque transmitters L1 and L2 are now monitored in the control and regulating unit 10 and a further, not illustrated motor M3 may be switched in according to analog criteria when the load limit values of the motors M1 and M2 are exceeded. The third motor, denoted by Mn in the illustration, is to indicate that, in principle, a greater number of drive moles 7 can be provided. For practical and economic reasons, however, the number of drive moles 7 will probably remain restricted to three or at most four.

The procere is reversed when the mechanical loading drops. The no longer needed motors 7.1 are then switched off in the sequence beginning with the motor Mn switched on last. If a uniform wear of the drive moles 7 is desired, this can be taken into consideration by way of an additional measurement of the switched-on times of the indivial drive moles 7 and the indivial drive moles 7 can thus be switched on and off selectably and not according to an always identical sequence.

As already mentioned, the number of the drive moles 7 is not limited to the illustrated three items. Drive moles 7 proced in large quantities can be very favorable in price, so that it could be feasible to provide a greater number, for example 4 to 6, drive moles 7. With appropriately adapted control programs in the control and regulating unit 10, the greater amount of data resulting therefrom can be processed without problems.

The use of direct current motors for the drive moles 7 is also possible in principle with appropriately-adapted control and regulating techniques as known in the art. Alternating current motors with squirrel cage armatures are preferably used because of their simple mode of construction and ease of service. Moreover, efficient and likewise cheap frequency-setting devices or frequency converters are available.

Normal spur gearwheels, by means of which an optimum mechanical efficiency is achieved, may be used for the drive arrangement according to FIG. 2. Cone wheel gears, by means of which a practically equal efficiency is achieved by comparison with spur gearwheels, are advantageously used as bevel gears 7.3 for the drive arrangement according to FIG. 3.

The main gear housing 8 can be so constructed that both drive arrangements, those according to FIG. 2 as well as those according to FIG. 3, can be realized. The main drive housing 8 then correspondingly has twice as many flange-connecting openings 24. The intermediate gearwheels 21 can be the same at the same position for both drive arrangements.

The drive arrangement according to the invention can also be used for other kinds of conveying equipment, for example for walkways and mercalators in horizontal and oblique construction.

⑵ 急求一篇机械类英文论文，英文5000字以上，要有中文翻译呀，急急急！~~~~~

中国是世界上机械发展最早的国家之一。中国的机械工程技术不但历史悠久，而且成就十分辉煌，不仅对中国的物质文化和社会经济的发展起到了重要的促进作用，而且对世界技术文明的进步做出了重大贡献.传统机械方面，我国在很长一段时期内都领先于世界。到了近代由于特别是从18世纪初到19世纪40年代，由于经济社会等诸多原因，我国的机械行业发展停滞不前，在这100多年的时间里正是西方资产阶级政治革命和产业革命时期，机械科学技术飞速发展，远远超过了中国的水平。这样，中国机械的发展水平与西方的差距急剧拉大，到十九世纪中期已经落后西方一百多年。

新中国建立后特别是近三十年来，我国的机械科学技术发展速度很快。向机械产品大型化，精密化、自动化和成套化的趋势发展。在有些方面已经达到或超过了世界先进水平。总的来说，就目前而言中国机械科学技术的成就是巨大的，发展速度之快，水平之高也是前所未有的。这一时期还没有结束，我国的机械科学技术还将向更高的水平发展。只要我们能够采取正确的方针、政策、用好科技发展规律并勇于创新，我国的机械工业和机械科技一定能够振兴，重新引领世界机械工业发展潮流。

就小型夯实机械而言：
上世纪60年代以前，我国小型夯实机械非常缺乏，很多小型场地的夯实基本上采用人工夯实。

上世纪60年代初期，长沙建设机械研究所与北京建筑工程学院等单位合作，在群众性技术革新成果的基础上总结发明了具有中国特色的蛙式夯实机，1962年获国家科技发明奖。蛙式夯实机结构简单，维修、使用方便，很快成为我国60年代夯实机械的主导产品。据不完全统计蛙式夯实机累计产量达到50000多台，在我国经济建设中发挥了重要作用。70年代以后，蛙式夯实机逐渐被性能更先进的振动冲击夯和振动平板夯所替代，目前蛙式夯实机已经很少，基本被淘汰。

1964年，长沙建设机械研究所开发了HB120型内燃式夯实机，开始由上海工程机械厂生产，后来主要由津市洞庭工程机械厂生产，年产量200台左右。80年代，内燃式夯实机产品质量有较大提高，曾出口东南亚和非洲地区。90年代以后，内燃式夯实机产销售量也在逐渐减少，目前只有少数小型民营企业生产。

1977年，长沙建设机械研究所和柳州市建筑机械厂开发了我国第一台HZR250型和HZR70型振动平板夯，这两种产品分别于1979 年和1982年通过了由建设部组织的鉴定。随后义乌建筑机械厂、四平建筑机械厂、安阳振动器厂、津市洞庭工程机械厂等多家企业都开始生产振动平板夯。1986年长沙建设机械研究所又开发了较大的HZR450型振动平板夯。上世纪90年代以后，振动平板夯在我国有了较快的发展，产品品种、规格和生产企业增多，国外的振动平板夯陆续进入中国市场。

1983年，长沙建设机械研究所和湖北振动器厂联合开发了我国第一台HZR70型振动冲击夯，1984年通过了由建设部组织的鉴定，1985年获建设部科技进步三等奖。由于振动冲击夯具有压实效果好、生产率高、体积和重量小、轻便灵活等突出特点，深受用户欢迎，得到了迅速的推广使用，并很快发展到资江机器厂、新乡第三机床厂和津市洞庭工程机械厂等几十家企业生产。振动冲击夯虽然比振动平板夯开发晚，但发展速度、产销量和使用广泛性比振动平板夯大得多，目前已成为我国夯实机械中产销量最大的主导产品。上世纪90年代以后，国外的振动平板夯陆续进入中国市场。

振动冲击夯和振动平板夯在我国的成功开发，不仅为我国建设施工部门提供了性能先进的夯实机械，取得了良好的经济效益和社会效益，而且使我国夯实机械技术向前跨进了一大步，缩短了与世界先进水平的差距，促进了我国压实机械的发展。

就机械加工而言：
热加工 铸造 据考古发现，在北京平谷、昌平、房山等处曾出土了公元前16世纪(商代)的青铜礼器。 明永乐年间(1403～1424年)，北京制造出享誉世界的明永乐大铜钟(46.5吨)和钟楼大铜钟(63吨)及铁钟(25吨)，采用分炉熔化、地坑造型和陶范法铸造。 20世纪50年代以前，北京在铸造上采用粘土砂手工造型。1955年，北京第一机床厂开始采用漏模造型、双面模型型板及铁型板和标准砂箱造型。1965年，开始采用塑料模型。 1980 年，北京市机电研究院与北京玛钢厂研制成功工频无芯塞杆底注式保温浇注电炉。1982年，该院与北京机床铸造二厂研究成功冲天炉风口吹氧技术。 1985～1988年，北京机床研究所试验成功浮动端面密封环的压力铸造工艺。
锻压 1959年，北京第二通用机械厂(后改名北京重型机器厂)建成2500吨水压机。1971年，该厂制造出6000吨水压机，这是当时北京最大的锻压设备。 1968～1979年，北京起重机器厂先后采用300吨油压机和2000吨油压机制造出起重机吊臂和大型覆盖件。 80年代，北京市机电研究院和北京市模具中心研制出一系列高精度多工位冲裁模具，接近或达到进口模具水平，改变了北京精密冲裁模具依赖进口的局面。
热处理 1949年前，北京已采用电炉、盐溶炉、热电偶等手段进行零件退火、回火、淬火、正火、调质、渗碳等热处理。 1956年，北京第一机床厂开始采用高频感应淬火。1961年，北京第二机床厂开始采用气体氮化淬火。1969年，北京量具刃具厂开始采用光亮淬火。 1978年，北京机床研究所研究完成机床导轨表面接触淬火工艺及设备、淬火质量检查技术条件的研究。1979年，铁道科学研究院和中国科学院力学研究所等合作完成大功率柴油机缸套表面的激光改性处理的研究。 1979年，北京市机电研究院研制成功千瓦级二氧化碳激光器，并于80年代初分别应用于汽缸套和邮票印刷设备的激光热处理。其中，清华大学、北京市机电研究院、北京邮票厂共同完成邮票厂七色机打孔器表面激光强化研究。 1984～1990年，北京市热处理研究所研究成功真空热处理、气体渗碳微机控制技术(与北京航空航天大学合作)、稀土软氮化、粉末冶金制品表面强化、煤油加甲醇小滴量法微机可控渗碳、固体渗硼、渗碳过程微机辅助工艺设计及跟踪控制系统等热处理新技术，并应用于生产。 焊接与切割 1949年，北京已有气焊、电弧焊及氧乙炔火焰切割等手工作业。 1963年，北京金属结构厂与一机部机械科学研究院合作开发出钨极氩弧焊，并实现了氮气等离子切割不锈钢。1964年，用直流钨极氩弧焊及焊丝合金化技术解决了核工业用倾斜式电解糟纯镍焊接。 1966年，北京金属结构厂开发出了使被焊球体旋转的埋弧自动焊。1968年，该厂开始以液化石油气代替乙炔切割。 80年代初，清华大学发明了新型MIG焊接电弧控制法，在控制电弧技术上取得突破。 80年代初，北京城建设计院等完成液化石油气移动式气压焊轨技术的研究和应用。 1990年，北京金属结构厂开始采用数控精密切割和具有光电跟踪及数控寻踪读入自动编程的大功率等离子切割技术。
可见，我国机械发展在近代发展其迅速。

China is the world's first national machinery development. Chinese mechanical engineering technology not only has a long history and splendid achievements in Chinese is not only the material culture and social economic development plays an important role in the world, and to promote the progress of civilization, technology has made great contribution to Chinese traditional machine. And in a long period ahead in the world. In modern times, especially from the early 18th century, e to the nineteen forties, e to the economic and social reasons, such as the China machinery instry, stagnation, in the 100 years is western bourgeois political revolution and instrial revolution, mechanical science and technology is developing rapidly, and far more than the level of China. So, China mechanical development level and the western gap widens, sharply to the 19th century middle behind western one hundred years.

After the founding of new China, especially in the past 30 years, our country's mechanical science and technology development speed. To the mechanical proct large-scale, precision, automation and discusses the trend of development. In some aspects has reached or exceeded the world advanced level. Generally speaking, currently China mechanical science and technology achievement is huge, developing fast, high level of unprecedented. In this period, China has no end of mechanical science and technology will develop to a higher level. As long as we can adopt the correct policy, with good technology development and innovation, our machinery instry and mechanical technology can revitalize, leading to the development trend of mechanical instry.

Just small ramming machinery:
In the 1960s, China mechanical very small tamp lack, many small venues ramming basically USES artificial ramming.

Early 1960s, changsha construction machinery institute and Beijing architectural engineering institute, etc., the technical innovation achievements in mass on the basis of summing up Chinese characteristic invented the breaststroke ramming machine, 1962 exceeded national science and technology. The breaststroke ramming machine structure is simple, easy to use and maintenance in 1960s, soon became the dominant procts to consolidate machinery. According to not complete count breaststroke tamp cumulative yield reached more than 50,000 machine, in the economic development of our country has played an important role. Since 1970's, the breaststroke ramming machine was graally more advanced performance of vibration shock ram and vibrating plate ram, now replaced by laying machine has rarely breaststroke, basically be eliminated.

In 1964, changsha construction machinery institute HB120 developed movable type, type of Shanghai began laying machine, engineering machine proction mainly by tianjin municipal later, annual proction engineering machinery dongting about 200. In the 1980s, movable type ramming machine proct quality has increased greatly, have exported to southeast Asia and Africa. Since 1990s, internal-combustion type ramming machine proction sales, and graally decreased in only a few small private enterprise proction.

In 1977, changsha construction machinery factory buildings and developed in liuzhou HZR250 type and the HZR70 type vibrating plate ram, these two kinds of procts in 1979 and 1982 passed by the ministry of construction of the organization. Then yiwu building construction machinery factory, siping, anyang vibrators factory, tianjin municipal engineering machinery dongting and other enterprises have started procing vibrating plate ram. In 1986, changsha construction machinery research and develop a larger HZR450 type of vibrating plate ram. Since 1990s, vibrating plate ram in our country has developed very quickly, varieties of procts, specifications and increase proction enterprises, foreign vibrating plate ram graally to enter the Chinese market.

In 1983, changsha construction machinery institute and the joint development of hubei vibration in the first HZR70 type vibration shock ramming, 1984, passed by the ministry of construction, organization construction technology progress in 1985 won prizes. Due to the vibration impact compaction result has good ramming, proctivity, high volume and weight of small, lightweight flexible outstanding characteristics, deeply user etc, obtained a rapid promotion, and soon ZiJiang development to the factory, xinxiang municipal engineering machine tool plant and tianjin dozens of dongting proction factory etc. Vibration shock ramming although than vibrating plate ram, but later development speed of development, proction and use of extensive than vibrating plate ram, has become the largest in China in the ramming machinery procts. Since 1990s, foreign vibrating plate ram graally to enter the Chinese market.

Vibration shock ramming and vibrating plate ram the successful development in our country, not only for our construction department provides advanced performance of mechanical, laying have achieved good economic benefit and social benefit, and make our ramming mechanical technology into a big step forward, shorten the gap with the advanced world level, promoting the development of compaction machine.

The mechanical processing:
According to the archaeological discovery, hot-working casting in Beijing pinggu, changping and so have proved that the 16th century BC shang dynasty (bronze objects. Ming yongle (1403-1424 years), Beijing proce world-renowned Ming yongle great 3-ton bell made (46.5 tons) and tower (63 tons of great 3-ton bell made of iron clock (25) and the furnace of melting, pit TaoFan model and method of casting. In the 1950s, Beijing based on clay sand castings in manual. In 1955, Beijing first machine tool plant began using leakage mould modelling, double-sided model and iron plate type plate and standard sand box modelling. In 1965, start using plastic model. In 1980, the institute and Beijing municipal electrical factory has successfully developed line frequency coreless bathroom plug stem bottom note type electric insulation casting. In 1982, hospital and Beijing the casting machine research cupola tuyere oxygen blowing technology. 1985-1988, Beijing institute of machine of floating end face seal ring by die successful test pressure casting process.
In 1959, Beijing second metalforming machinery general factory changed (Beijing) built 2500 ton heavy-ty hydraulic press. In 1971, the factory proced 6,000 tons, which is then Beijing hydrtesting biggest metalforming equipment. 1968-1979, Beijing hoisting machine factory has 300 tons of using hydraulic press 2000 tons and create crane and large panel. In the 1980s, Beijing institute of electrical and developed a series of Beijing mould centre high-precision cutting die, the multistage close to or to import mould level, changed Beijing precision punching moulds dependence on imports.
Before 1949, Beijing has heat treatment furnace, salt dissolved by thermocouples means furnace, quenching and tempering, parts of annealing, normalizing, quenching and tempering, carburizing and etc. In 1956, Beijing first began using high-frequency quenching machine tool plant. In 1961, the Beijing second machine tool plant began using gas nitriding quenching. In 1969, the following enterprise by Beijing gage start light quenching. In 1978, the complete machine tool research institute of Beijing guide surface contact quenching process and equipment, quenching condition of quality inspection. In 1979, scientific research institute of China academy of railway and mechanical institute of high-power diesel engine cylinder collaboration of surface modification of laser. In 1979, Beijing institute of electrical carbon dioxide laser is developed, and the kilowatt in early 1980s respectively applied in cylinder and stamp printing equipments of laser treatment. Among them, tsinghua university, Beijing, Beijing institute of electrical YouPiaoChang jointly completed YouPiaoChang seven color machine DaKongQi laser surface strengthening research. From 1984 to 1990, Beijing institute of vacuum heat treatment research, gas carburizing microcomputer control technology (Beijing university of aeronautics &astronautics and cooperation), rare earth soft nitriding, powder metallurgy procts surface strengthening, kerosene and methanol small drops of microcomputer control method of carburizing, solid boriding and carburizing process computer aided process planning and tracking control system, and the application of new technology heat in proction. Welding and cutting in 1949, Beijing has geo-drilling, electric welding and cutting etc oxyacetylene flame manual operation. In 1963, Beijing metal structure and YiJiBu mechanical science research cooperation to develop tungsten argon arc welding, and realize the nitrogen plasma cutting stainless steel. In 1964, the use of dc argon arc welding and tungsten wire alloying technology solved by tilting electrolysis instry worse pure nickel welding. In 1966, Beijing metal structure factory developed by rotating sphere of the submerged arc welding automatic welding. In 1968, the plant began to liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) instead of acetylene cutting. In the early 1980s, tsinghua university invented new MIG welding arc arc technology in control, control a breakthrough. In the early 1980s, the Beijing urban construction design completed liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) mobile pneumatic rail welding technology research and application. In 1990, Beijing metal structure factory to adopt CNC precision cutting and with photo-electricity tracking and CNC pursuit of high input automatic programming technology plasma cutting.
Visible, China mechanical development in modern development of its rapid.

⑶ 求机械类英文文献

机械类英文文献有翻译 机械零部件、机构、装置、设备设计、制造及..
读机械的英语不好版翻译好!现在传点资料权上来给大家分享下!希望大家支持,已经有中文翻译 muzili83 2007-05-09 09:48...可惜,是材料类的,用不上 唉~~ candiwell 2007-05-10 08:55 很好的,请问楼主可有关模具方面的,最好是冲压拉深...
www.jxcad.com.cn/simple/index.php?t301187 ... 10K 2008-2-26 - 网络快照
www.jxcad.com.cn 上的更多结果

⑷ 求片关于机械方面的英文论文，要有五千字以上，有中文翻译。

谈数字印刷机及数字印刷油墨的种类

随着印刷数字化步伐的加快，数字印刷cTP等新技术如火如荼．已经成为当今印刷不可逆转的主流发展技术。数字印刷的印刷适性也与传统印刷有明显的不同．对印刷设备印刷材料，印刷技术提出了新的要求．为了达到良好的印刷质量和高速度生产．数字印刷材料，尤其是数字印刷油墨的研究和开发显得更为重要。经过几年的发展，数字印刷油墨技术已日甄成熟．但数字印刷油墨的高价位仍是制约数字印刷发展的瓶颈。

数字印刷成像原理

要谈数字印刷油墨，必然要谈到数字印刷机，因为不同厂家推出的数字印刷机成像原理不同，对所用数字印刷油墨的组成性能、性状的要求也不同。目前使用的数字ElSiJ设备的成像原理可以分为六大类。

1．电子照相

又称静电成像，是利用激光扫描方法在光导体上形成静电潜影再利用带电色粉与静电潜影的电荷作用，将色粉影像转移到承印物上完成印刷。

2．喷射成像

油墨以一定的速度从微细喷嘴有选择性地喷射到承印物上实现油墨影像再现。喷墨印刷分为连续喷墨印刷和按需喷墨印刷。连续喷墨系统是利用压力使墨水通过细孔形成连续墨流．高速下墨流变成细小液滴之后使液滴带电．带电的墨滴可在电荷板控制下喷射到承印物表面需要的位置而形成打印图文。墨滴偏移量和承印物上墨点位置由墨滴离开细孔时的带电量决定。

按需喷墨与连续喷墨的不同在于作用于储墨盒的压力不是连续的．而是受成像数字信号的控制，需要时才有压力作用而喷射。按需喷墨由于没有墨滴偏移，可省去墨槽和循环系统，喷墨头结构相对简化。

3．电凝聚成像

电凝聚成像是通过电极之间的电化学反应导致油墨发生凝聚．并固着在成像滚筒表面形成图像．没有发生电化学反应的空白区域的油墨仍然保持液态可通过刮板刮除，而滚筒表面由固着油墨形成的图文通过压力即可转移到承印物上，完成印刷。电凝聚数字印刷机的代表机型是EIcorsy公司的产品．分辨力为400dpi。

4．磁记录成像

磁记录成像是依靠磁性材料的磁子在外磁场作用下定向排列形成磁性潜影．再利用磁性色粉与磁性潜影在磁场力下相互作用完成显影．以磁性色粉转移到承印物上形成图像。这种方法一般只用于黑白印刷。

5．静电成像

静电成像是应用最广的数字印刷成像技术．它是利用激光扫描法在光导体上形成静电潜影．利用带电色粉与静电潜影间的电荷作用形成潜影，转移到承印物上即完成印刷。以显影方式不同分为两种一种是采用电子油墨显影．分辨力达800dpi，以HPInd{go为代表。另一种是采用干式色粉显影，分辨力为600dpiXeikon，Xerox、Agfa、CanonKodak、ManRoIand和IBM等的数字印刷机都采用此方法。

6．热成像
热成像是以材料加热后物理性能的改变在介质上成像的．分为直接热成像和热转移成像。直接热成像是使用经专门处理的带有特殊涂层的承印材料，加热后涂层发生颜色转变。热转移成像的油墨涂布于色带上．对色膜或色带加热即转移到承印材料上，成像质量可达照片级。

数字印刷油墨

1．干粉数字印刷油墨

干粉数字印刷油墨由颜料粒子助于电荷形成的颗粒荷电剂与可熔性树脂混合而形成的干粉状油墨。带有负电荷的墨粉被曝光部分吸附形成图像转印到纸上的墨粉图像经加热后墨粉中树脂熔化，固着于承印物上形成图像。

2．液态数字印刷油墨

液态数字印刷油墨常用于喷墨印刷，油墨种类与喷墨头结构有关。喷墨头可分热压式及压电式两大类，而压电式有高精度和低精度2种．EPS0N的喷头属于高精度喷头Xaar及Spectra的喷头属于低精度喷头．高精度喷头多采用水性染料或颜料油墨．后者以采用溶剂型颜料油墨居多。

与传统油墨不同的是．电子液体油墨在介质上的固化不依赖于墨膜干燥时间．而是遇到高温(130。C)橡皮布立即固化在橡皮布上．橡皮布上的油墨图文再100％地转印到纸或其他介质上。另一方面．电子液体油墨的基本材料是新型树脂材料，它的微观形状为多边形．在压力作用下不像传统油墨容易扩散，而是结合紧密与纸张或其他介质接触后立即固化使印刷图像更加清晰网点边缘稍有虚化及扩散。

电子液体油墨分为水性油墨和油性(溶剂型)油墨。水性油墨由溶剂、着色剂、表面活性剂pH调节剂、催干剂及必要的添加组成对于热压式喷墨印刷系统来说，只能选用水性油墨。按需喷墨印刷油墨通常也是基于水性的油墨。油性(溶剂型)油墨由着色剂溶剂，分散3,J~n其他调节剂组成。

3．固态数字印刷油墨

固态数字印刷油墨主要应用于喷墨印刷其在常态下呈固态印刷时油墨加热，黏度减小后而喷射到承印物表面上。固态数字印刷油墨由着色剂、荷粒电荷剂、黏度控制剂和载体等成分组成。

4．电子油墨

电子油墨是用于印刷涂布在特殊片基材料上作为显示器的一种特殊油墨，由微胶囊包裹而成其直径在纳米级。微胶囊内有许多带正电的白色粒子和带负电的黑色粒子，且分布在微胶囊内透明液体中。当微胶囊充正电时．带正电的微粒子聚集在朝向观察者一面．而显示为白色，充负电时．带负电的黑色粒子聚集在观察者一面．而显示黑色。粒子的位置及显示的颜色由电场控制，控制电场由高分辨力的显示阵列底板产生。

5．UV／EB油墨

所谓UV／EB油墨就是利用紫外光固化或电子束能量固化的油墨，uv／EB油墨类辐射固化油墨在喷墨印刷中的应用日益广泛。UV油墨在数字印刷中的最大特点是稳定性好，只在uV光照下固化的优势可以有效避免打印头堵塞．延长打印头的实际使用寿命。但不足之处是．采用uv／EB油墨打印将导致印刷速度降低．比如说油墨供应环节的限制以及大量油墨通过打印头的速度等。目前，Xennla的新型XenJetVivide系列CMYK颜料型uV固化油墨已经通过了Xaar公司的认证．并将这种新油墨用在Omnidot760打印头上。

现在，世界范围内数字印刷油墨的研究正方兴未艾，各数字印刷机生产厂家如Canon、HewIettPackard、EPSONScitexXeikon、HPIndigo等都根据自己数字印刷机的特性而研究开发出适应其系统特性的数字印刷油墨。另外，全球其他著名的油墨制造商．如DIC、太阳化学、富林特、SakataInxCorp等公司也都开始涉足数字印刷油墨的开发与生产。相信随着数字印刷机的普遍使用，对数字印刷油墨的研究开发将更加深入．新的数字印刷5a墨会不断出现。

Discussed digital printer and the numeral printing ink type along with printing digitization step quickening, the numeral prints cTP and so on the new technology to be like a raging fire. Already becomes prints the irreversible mainstream development technology now. The digital printing printability also has the obvious difference with traditional printing. To the printing equipment printing material, the printing technology set the new request. In order to achieve the good print quality and the high velocity proction. The digital printing material, in particular the numeral printing ink research and the development appears importantly. After several years development, the numeral printing ink technology Zhen will be later day mature. But the numeral printing ink high price still was restricts the digital printing development the bottleneck
The digital printing image formation principle needs to discuss the numeral printing ink, must talk about the digital printer inevitably, because the different factory promotes the digital printer image formation principle is different, to uses the numeral printing ink the composition performance, the character request to be also different. At present uses the digital ElSiJ equipment image formation principle may divide into six big kinds �? 201. electrons according to �? 20 called the static electricity image formation, is uses the laser scan method to form the static electricity on the photoconctor to dive the shade to use the charged color powder and the static electricity again dives the shade electric charge function, shifts the color powder phantom to accepts for printing in the thing to complete printing �? 202. sprays Cheng �? 20 printing ink have by certain speed from the tiny spray nozzle selectively spray to accept for printing in the thing to realize the printing ink phantom reappearance. Spurts ink printing to divide into continuously spurts ink printing and according to must spurt ink printing. Spurts the ink system is continuously causes the ink using the pressure to form the continual ink class through the pore. After the high speed under ink changes the tiny bubble causes the bubble charged. The charged ink drop may spray under the electric charge board control to accepts for printing the position which the surface needs to form the printing chart article. The ink drop displacement quantity and accepts for printing an inking position leaves when the pore by the ink drop the charged quantity decisionAccording to must spurt the ink with to spurt the ink differently to lie in affects Yu the Chu ink the pressure is not continuously continual. When is the image formation digital signal control, the need only then has the pressure to affect sprays. According to must spurt the ink because does not have the ink drop displacement, may omit the ink trough and the circulatory system, spurts the ink structure relative simplification �? 203. electricity condensation image formation electricity condensation image formation is through the electrode between electrochemistry responded causes the printing ink to have the condensation. And adheres firmly in the image formation drum surface forms the image. Has not had the blank region printing ink which the electrochemistry responded still to maintain the liquid state to be possible through the scraper to blow except, but the drum surface from adheres firmly the chart article which the printing ink forms then to shift through the pressure to accepts for printing in the thing, completes printing. Electricity condensation numeral printer representative the type is the EIcorsy Corporation's proct. The resolving power is 400dpi�? 204. magnetic recording image formation magnetic recording image formation is depends upon the magnetic material the magneton the directional arrangement to form magnetism under the outside magnetic field function to dive the shade. Again dives the shade using magnetism sex-linked colors powder and magnetism to affect mutually under the magnetic field strength completes the development. Shifts by magnetism sex-linked colors powder to accepts for printing in the thing to form the image. This method only uses in black and white printing generally5. static electricity Cheng �? 20 static electricity image formations apply the broadest digital printing image formation technology. It is uses the laser scanning method to form the static electricity on the photoconctor to dive the shade. Uses the charged color powder and the static electricity dives the shade electric charge function to form dives the shade, shifts to accepts for printing in the thing namely to complete printing. Develops the way differently to divide into two kinds of one kind uses the electronic printing ink development. Resolving power �? 00dpi, take HPInd {go as representative. Another kind is uses the dry color powder development, the resolving power �? 00dpiXeikon, Xerox, Agfa, CanonKodak, ManRoIand and IBM and so on the digital printer all uses this method �? 206. thermal imagery thermal imageries are after the material heating the physical performance change on the medium the image formation. Divides into the direct thermal imagery and the hot shift image formation. The direct thermal imagery is the use after processes specially has the special coating to accept for printing the material, after the heating the coating has the color transformation. The hot shift image formation printing ink spreads the cloth on the inked ribbon. Namely shifts to the color membrane or the inked ribbon heating to accepts for printing on the material, the image formation quality may reach the picture levelNumeral printing ink 1. dried noodles numeral off-set oil �? Does the powdery printing ink which 20 dried noodles numeral printing ink helps by the pigment granule which forms in the electric charge the pellet electrically charged medicinal preparation and the fusibility resin mix forms. Has the negative charge toner to expose the part adsorption to form the image to transfer in the toner the resin to melt India's to paper on toner image after the heating, adheres firmly in accepts for printing in the thing to form the image �? 202. liquid state numeral off-set oil �? 20 liquid state numeral printing ink commonly used Yu Penmo prints, the printing ink type with spurts an ink structure to concern. Spurts the ink separable thermo-compression type and the piezoelectricity type two big kinds, but the piezoelectricity type has the high accuracy and the low accuracy 2 kind of .EPS0N nozzle belongs to high accuracy nozzle Xaar and the Spectra nozzle belongs to the low accuracy nozzle. The high accuracy nozzle uses the river character dye or the pigment printing ink. The latter uses the solvent pigment printing ink majority 不好意思 ，没有完整的给你 你按照我给的网址自己找你需要的

参考资料：佳工机电网 外语时空网

⑸ 机械专业英语论文

3K字的，
这个 问题不是很大，
吧，给你帮忙的，给你的，
做的，

⑹ 求一篇机械制造类的英语版论文,外文翻译啊,求帮忙

推荐到OA图书馆查询。
输入相应的关键词即可。

⑺ 急求机械专业相关英文论文（带中文翻译）

这里有很多的,你可以找下有没有?我找了好长时间才找到的哦.

中文免费论文地址集锦
一、 综合类
1、蓝之韵论文
http://www.21blue.com 门类较全。

2、学生大论文中心

http://www.studa.com/newpaper/

3、蜂朝无忧论文网
http://www.51lunwen.com/main/index.asp
门类很全。
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http://www.studa.net/paper/
门类很全。
5、论文帝国
http://www.papersempire.com/

二、 教育类
1、教研论文交流中心
http://www.k12.com.cn/teacher/resource/lunwen/
以中小学教育为主，基础教育、英语教学文章居多。
2、教育教学论文网

http://www.minaol.com/gb/art/ttd/index.asp

以教育论文为主，包含：语文论文 美术论文 物理论文
化学论文 英语论文 历史论文 德育论文 教学论文
数学论文 音乐论文 生物论文 自然论文 体育论文
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素质论文 医学论文 电子电器学 思维科学 计算机论文
活动课教学 书法篆刻论文 创新教育研究 心理健康教育
西部教育论文 信息技术论文
3、教育论文

http://dhzyzz.porcelain-china.com/teach.asp
4、中国园丁网论文大观
http://www.teacher.net.cn/papers
5、北大附小学校教师的文章：
http://www.bdfx.net.cn/5jslw.htm
三、 专业类
1、优秀论文杂志
http://www.interpapers.com/kj/
以科技类为主。
2、论文资料网
http://www.51paper.net/
以财经经济管理类为主。
3、法律图书馆
http://www.law-lib.com/
文如其名。
4、法学论文资料库
http://www.law-lib.com/lw/
文如其名。
5、中国总经理网论文集
http://www.cnceo.com/school/lwj.asp
6、mba职业经理人论坛
http://mba.001.com.cn/mbamba.htm
7、中国农业在线-农业论文
http://www.agrionline.net.cn/keji/lunwenzy/
8、体育论文
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9、财经学位论文下载中心
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10、公开发表论文_深圳证券交易所
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11、中国路桥资讯网论文资料中心
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12、论文商务中心
http://doc.cei.gov.cn/
13、法律帝国：
http://www.fl365.com/gb/lawthinker/bbs/default.asp
四、 论文写作教学类
1、学术论文
http://www.hrexam.com/advanced1.htm
其实是学术论文的写作网站。
五、 博硕士论文
1、论文统计
http://www.sci.com.cn/
实际上就是万方的论文统计。
2、台湾博硕士论文咨讯网
http://datas.ncl.e.tw/theabs/00/
3、北京大学学位论文样本收藏
http://www.lib.pku.e.cn/xwlw.html
4、学位论文 （清华大学）
http://www.lib.tsinghua.e.cn/new/thesis.html

]
中国科技论文在线http://www.paper.e.cn/
论文中国 :http://www.chinawrite.com/
新浪论文网分类:http://dir.sina.com.cn/search_dir/jy/lw/
中国论文联盟:http://www.lwlm.com/
大学生论文库http://www.syiae.com/lunwen
论文资料网:http://www.51paper.net/
论文下载中心:http://www.studa.net/paper/
毕业论文网:http://www.bylw.com/
学位论文:http://www.lib.tsinghua.e.cn/NEW/thesis.html
无忧论文网:http://www.51lunwen.com/
北京语言文化大学论文库:http://lib.blcu.e.cn/dt1000/bys/bys.htm

⑻ 求机械类的英文文献和翻译 4000字以上 毕业设计用的

机械类的就可以吗?是不是范围太大？

⑼ 急求关于机械方面的英语文章（2000字以上）

Assembly line组装线
Layout布置图
Conveyer流水线物料板
Rivet table拉钉机
Rivet gun拉钉枪
Screw driver起子
Electric screw driver电动起子
Pneumatic screw driver气动起子
worktable 工作桌
OOBA开箱检查 Out of Box Audit
fit together组装在一起
fasten锁紧(螺丝)
fixture 夹具(治具)
pallet栈板
barcode条码
barcode scanner条码扫描器
fuse together熔合
fuse machine热熔机
repair修理
operator作业员
QC品管
supervisor 课长
ME制造工程师
MT制造生技
cosmetic inspect外观检查
inner parts inspect内部检查
thumb screw大头螺丝
lbs. inch镑、英寸
EMI gasket导电条
front plate前板
rear plate后板
chassis 基座
bezel panel面板
power button电源按键
reset button重置键
Hi-pot test of SPS高源高压测试
Voltage switch of SPS
电源电压接拉键
sheet metal parts 冲件
plastic parts塑胶件
SOP制造作业程序
material check list物料检查表
work cell工作间
trolley台车
carton纸箱
sub-line支线
left fork叉车
personnel resource department 人力资源部
proction department生产部门
planning department企划部
QC Section品管科
stamping factory冲压厂
painting factory烤漆厂
molding factory成型厂
common equipment常用设备
uncoiler and straightener整平机
punching machine 冲床
robot机械手
hydraulic machine油压机
lathe车床
|刨床planer |'plein
miller铣床
grinder磨床
driller钻床
linear cutting线切割
electrical sparkle电火花
welder电焊机
staker=reviting machine铆合机
position职务
president董事长
general manager总经理
special assistant manager特助
factory director厂长
department director部长
deputy manager | =vice manager副理
section supervisor课长
deputy section supervisor =vice section supervisor副课长
group leader/supervisor组长
line supervisor线长
assistant manager助理
to move, to carry, to handle搬运
be put in storage入库
pack packing包装
to apply oil擦油
to file burr 锉毛刺
final inspection终检
to connect material接料
to reverse material 翻料
wet station沾湿台
Tiana天那水
cleaning cloth抹布
to load material上料
to unload material卸料
to return material/stock to退料
scraped |'skræpid|报废
scrape ..v.刮;削
deficient purchase来料不良
manufacture procere制程
deficient manufacturing procere制程不良
n|氧化oxidation |' ksi'dei
scratch刮伤
dents压痕
defective upsiding down抽芽不良
defective to staking铆合不良
embedded lump镶块
feeding is not in place送料不到位
stamping-missing漏冲
proction capacity生产力
ecation and training教育与训练
proposal improvement提案改善
spare parts=buffer备件
forklift叉车
trailer=long vehicle拖板车
compound die合模
die locker锁模器
pressure plate=plate pinch压板
bolt螺栓
name of a department部门名称
administration/general affairs dept总务部
automatic screwdriver电动启子
thickness gauge厚薄规
gauge(or jig)治具
power wire电源线
buzzle蜂鸣器
defective proct label不良标签
identifying sheet list标示单
screwdriver holder起子插座
pedal踩踏板
stopper阻挡器
flow board流水板
hydraulic handjack油压板车
forklift叉车
pallet栈板
glove(s)手套
glove(s) with exposed fingers割手套
thumb大拇指
forefinger食指
midfinger中指
ring finger无名指
little finger小指
band-aid创可贴
iustrial alcohol工业酒精
alcohol container沾湿台
head of screwdriver起子头
sweeper扫把
mop拖把
vaccum cleaner吸尘器
rag 抹布
garbage container灰箕
garbage can垃圾箱
garbage bag垃圾袋
chain链条
jack升降机
proction line流水线
chain链条槽
magnetizer加磁器
lamp holder灯架
to mop the floor拖地
to clean the floor扫地
to clean a table擦桌子
air pipe 气管
packaging tool打包机
packaging打包
missing part漏件
wrong part错件
excessive defects过多的缺陷
critical defect极严重缺陷
major defect主要缺陷
minor defect次要缺陷
not up to standard不合规格
dimension/size is a little bigger尺寸偏大(小)
cosmetic defect外观不良
slipped screwhead/slippery screw head螺丝滑头
slipped screwhead/shippery screw thread滑手
speckle斑点
mildewed=moldy=mouldy发霉
rust生锈
deformation变形
burr(金属)flash(塑件)毛边
poor staking铆合不良
excesssive gap间隙过大
grease/oil stains油污
inclusion杂质
painting peel off脏污
shrinking/shrinkage缩水
mixed color杂色
scratch划伤
poor processing 制程不良
poor incoming part事件不良
fold of packaging belt打包带折皱
painting make-up补漆
discoloration羿色
water spots水渍
polishing/surface processing表面处理
exposed metal/bare metal金属裸露
lack of painting烤漆不到位
safety安全
quality品质
delivery deadline交货期
cost成本
engineering工程
die repair模修
enterprise plan = enterprise expansion projects企划
QC品管
die worker模工
proction, to proce生产
equipment设备
to start a press开机
stop/switch off a press关机
classification整理
regulation整顿
cleanness清扫
conservation清洁
culture教养
qualified procts, up-to-grade procts良品
defective procts, not up-to-grade procts不良品
waste废料
board看板
feeder送料机
sliding rack滑料架
defective proct box不良品箱
die change 换模
to fix a die装模
to take apart a die拆模
to repair a die修模
packing material包材
basket蝴蝶竺
plastic basket胶筐
isolating plate baffle plate; barricade隔板
carton box纸箱
to pull and stretch拉深
to put material in place, to cut material, to input落料
to impose lines压线
to compress, compressing压缩
character die字模
to feed, feeding送料
transportation运输
(be)qualfied, up to grade合格
not up to grade, not qualified不合格
material change, stock change材料变更
feature change 特性变更
evaluation评估
prepare for, make preparations for 准备
parameters参数
rotating speed, revolution转速
manufacture management制造管理
abnormal handling异常处理
proction unit生产单位
lots of proction生产批量
steel plate钢板
roll material卷料
manufacture procere制程
operation procere作业流程
to revise, modify修订
to switch over to, switch---to throw--over switching over切换
engineering, project difficulty 工程瓶颈
stage die工程模
automation自动化
to stake, staking, reviting铆合
add lubricating oil加润滑油
shut die架模
shut height of a die架模高度
analog-mode device类模器
die lifter举模器
argon welding氩焊
vocabulary for stamping

模具专业英语[分享]
模具述语
一、入水：gate
进入位： gate location
水口形式：gate type
大水口：edge gate
细水口： pin-point gate
水口大小：gate size
转水口： switching runner/gate
唧嘴口径： sprue diameter
二、流道: runner
热流道： hot runner,hot manifold
热嘴冷流道: hot sprue/cold runner
唧嘴直流: direct sprue gate
圆形流道：round(full/half runner
流道电脑分析：mold flow analysis
流道平衡:runner balance
热嘴： hot sprue
热流道板：hot manifold
发热管：cartridge heater
探针: thermocouples
插头： connector plug
插座： connector socket
密封/封料： seal
三、运水：water line
喉塞：line lpug
喉管：tube
塑胶管：plastic tube
快速接头：jiffy quick connector plug/socker
四、模具零件： mold components
三板模：3-plate mold
二板模：2-plate mold
边钉/导边：leader pin/guide pin
边司/导套：bushing/guide bushing
中托司：shoulder guide bushing
中托边L：guide pin
顶针板：ejector retainner plate
托板： support plate
螺丝： screw
管钉：dowel pin
开模槽：ply bar scot
内模管位：core/cavity inter-lock
顶针： ejector pin
司筒：ejector sleeve
司筒针：ejector pin
推板：stripper plate
缩呵：movable core,return core core puller
扣机（尼龙拉勾）：nylon latch lock
斜顶：lifter
模胚（架）： mold base
上内模：cavity insert
下内模：core insert
行位（滑块）： slide
镶件：insert
压座/斜鸡：wedge
耐磨板/油板：wedge wear plate
压条：plate
撑头: support pillar
唧嘴： sprue bushing
挡板：stop plate
定位圈：locating ring
锁扣：latch
扣鸡：parting lock set
推杆：push bar
栓打螺丝：S.H.S.B
顶板：eracuretun
活动臂：lever arm
分流锥：spure sperader
水口司:bush
垃圾钉：stop pin
隔片：buffle
弹弓柱：spring rod
弹弓:die spring
中托司：ejector guide bush
中托边：ejector guide pin
镶针：pin
销子：dowel pin
波子弹弓：ball catch
喉塞: pipe plug
锁模块：lock plate
斜顶：angle from pin
斜顶杆：angle ejector rod
尼龙拉勾：parting locks
活动臂：lever arm
复位键、提前回杆：early return bar
气阀：valves
斜导边：angle pin
术语：terms
承压平面平衡：parting surface support balance
模排气：parting line venting
回针碰料位：return pin and cavity interference
模总高超出啤机规格：mold base shut hight
顶针碰运水：water line interferes withejector pin
料位出上/下模：part from cavith (core) side
模胚原身出料位：cavity direct cut on A-plate,core direct cut on B-plate.
不准用镶件： Do not use (core/cavity) insert
用铍铜做镶件： use beryllium copper insert
初步（正式）模图设计：preliinary (final) mold design
反呵：reverse core
弹弓压缩量：spring compressed length
稳定性好：good stability,stable
强度不够：insufficient rigidity
均匀冷却：even cooling
扣模：sticking
热膨胀：thero expansion
公差：tolorance
铜公(电极）：copper electrod